What type of pacemaker is indicated in patients with chronic symptomatic bradycardia?

A permanent pacemaker is the appropriate choice for patients experiencing chronic symptomatic bradycardia because it provides a long-term solution to continuously regulate the heart's rhythm when the intrinsic cardiac pacemaker is insufficient. Chronic symptomatic bradycardia is characterized by a consistently slow heart rate, which can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, or fainting.

Permanent pacemakers are designed to be implanted surgically and remain within the body to monitor and stimulate the heart as needed. They are typically indicated when bradycardia is persistent and causes significant symptoms or poses a risk of serious complications. These devices can help restore a normal heart rate, improve hemodynamics, and enhance the quality of life for affected patients.

The other options, such as temporary and external pacemakers, are primarily used in acute situations or for short-term management, while a defibrillator is intended for treating life-threatening arrhythmias rather than for addressing chronic bradycardia.