What is a potential consequence of untreated atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm that can lead to several complications if left untreated. One significant consequence of untreated AF is the increased risk of stroke due to thrombus formation. In AF, the heart’s upper chambers (the atria) do not contract effectively, which can lead to blood pooling and the formation of clots within the atria, particularly in a region called the left atrial appendage. If one of these clots dislodges, it can travel to the brain, causing an ischemic stroke.

While heart failure can occur as a secondary condition due to the effects of AF on heart function over time, as well as its potential contribution to worsening hypertension, the most immediate and serious consequence related specifically to the irregular rhythm of AF is the heightened risk of stroke arising from thrombus formation. Understanding this risk is fundamental in managing patients with atrial fibrillation, which is why anticoagulation therapy is often recommended to prevent clot formation and reduce the stroke risk associated with AF.